1. JVM Architecture

The JVM is responsible for loading, executing, and managing Java bytecode.

Main parts you should know:

• Class Loader → loads .class files
• Runtime Data Areas → memory areas used during execution
• Execution Engine → executes bytecode
• JIT Compiler → converts frequently used bytecode into native machine code
• Garbage Collector → removes unreachable objects

2. Class Loader

The Class Loader loads Java .class files into JVM memory when they are needed.

For example:

Student s = new Student();

When Student is required, its class information is loaded by the Class Loader.

Common class loaders:

• Bootstrap ClassLoader
• Platform ClassLoader
• Application ClassLoader

For basic understanding:

Class Loader → loads classes into JVM.